EAL0140 Environmental Performative Architecture and Planning 2025-26

Digital Design for Sustainability

Tallinn University of Technology – Academy of Architecture and Urban Studies

Academic year 2025-26 - fall semester - 6 ECTS credits

Lecturers: Dr. Francesco De Luca, Arch. Ioannis Lykouras

Assistants: Payam Madelat MSc, Jelena Kazak MSc

Day and time: Monday from 01.09 to 15.12, from 11:30 to 15:00.

Location: TalTech campus Architecture building room ICT-701. It is mandatory to attend the course in class. If necessary and in very limited occasions the lectures can be attended in the Teams meeting. 



Syllabus

Introduction

The built environment consumes 36% of the energy globally produced and is responsible for 37% of energy-related global CO2 emissions [1]. This trend is expected to grow with the increasing share of the urban population, which is expected to reach 68% by 2050. It has been predicted that the floor area additions on a global scale by the year 2060 will be about 230 billions of square meters [2], which to quote the Architecture 2030 organization website “is the equivalent of adding an entire New York City to the planet every 34 days for the next 40 years”. A recent study by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change shows that only through sustainable and low energy human activities we will be able to keep the global temperature increase, mainly caused by human activities, by the year 2100 at about 2 °C above pre-industrial levels as requested by the Paris climate agreement of 2015 [3].

Buildings share of global energy use and energy-related CO2 emissions. Source: United Nations, 2021.

Thus, sustainability, low energy and carbon-neutral development, healthiness and well being, use of renewable energy, inclusivity and accessibility, and the reuse of urban areas fall within the agenda of countries and international organizations and are part of initiatives as the UN Sustainable Development Goals [4]. Buildings and urban forms have a major impact on building energy use, passive heating and potential energy generation. Building orientation, articulation and envelope have significant influence on the healthiness and liveability of indoor spaces, and they can improve the quality of daylight, which is the source of interior building illumination that is most appreciated by occupants. Urban density, building heights and patterns determine the livability of urban areas and outdoor thermal comfort experienced by people.

This underlines our responsibility. As designers, architects and planners we are increasingly urged to develop design solutions for climate adaptation that result in reduced impacts on climate and resource depletion.

United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.



Design Goals

The course topic Digital Design for Sustainability want to emphasize the importance of architecture and urban design to contribute to develop a sustainable future for the environment and the society. The course objective is to provide the students the knowledge to design buildings and neighborhoods integrating architectural and urban design with sustainable design principles, environmental and climatic simulations and performance analysis to help tackling the pressing issues of climate change and resource depletion and resilience of the built environment. The course, capitalizing on the use of digital design and simulations at the building and urban scale, focuses on five design goals: Design for Well-being, Design for Accessibility, Design for Clean Energy, Design for Climate, Design for Ecosystems. The task is to design a building, or a compact cluster of buildings, with high architectural quality using sustainable design principles and simulations related to the goals and analyzing the performance of several design variations through quantitative metrics and qualitative criteria. The scope is to understand the relations between buildings and their use, and environmental and climatic factors, to improve the building sustainability and to select a design solution with high environmental performance.  

1 - Design for Well-being

Related UN SDG: 3 - Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

One of the aspects of sustainable building design is realizing indoor spaces with adequate natural illumination, thermal comfort mostly by means of passive and low energy strategies, visual comfort during the whole year, natural ventilation, pollutant free furnishing materials, visual connection with the outside especially with areas with people and natural elements. Has been proven that these aspects positively influence the physiological and psychological well-being of building occupants. The course Design for Well-being goal focuses on daylight and view out. 


2 - Design for Accessibility

Related UN SDG: 11 - Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

Planning livable neighborhoods must take into account how to eliminate all the physical and sensorial barrier to guarantee accessibility and usability of public spaces for all, and mostly for vulnerable and disabled people. Important aspects are related to connections with public transport and amenities, walkability and bikeability, outdoor comfort and safety with respect to climatic hazards, nature based solutions, social liveliness and economic activity, and absence of architectural barriers. The course Design for Accessibility goal focuses on outdoor thermal comfort and urban network analysis.


3 - Design for Clean Energy

Related UN SDG: 7 - Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all

The reduction of the energy used by buildings through passive design measures, energy efficiency and the generation off site and on site of renewable energy are crucial factors for reducing resource depletion and green house gas emissions of the built environment. On site solar energy can provide large part or all the electric energy needed to heat, cool, light and for the appliances of buildings. The course Design for Clean Energy goal focuses on optimizing building integrated photovoltaic systems to provide the energy required by the building.


4 - Design for Climate

Related UN SDG: 13 - Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

The global crises of climate change, global warming and resource depletion are strictly related with human activities. Green house gases emissions are the main responsible for the worldwide increasing surface and air temperature, posing a serious threat for humans and ecosystems. Buildings are responsible of huge amount of CO2 emissions during all the phases of their life cycle, of which the main are construction and use, producing embodied and operational carbon, respectively. The course Design for Climate goal will focus on designing to reduce the embodied carbon emission of buildings.


5 - Design for Ecosystems

Related UN SDG: 15 - Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

The presence of green and blue infrastructures, grass and trees and water basins, favor the creation and restoration of natural habitats inside the cities. Trees absorb CO2, and significantly increase outdoor thermal comfort during the warm season through shading and reducing the air temperature by transpirative cooling. Has been proven that the view out toward green elements and trees has beneficial effects and can reduce physical and psychological discomfort of building occupants. The course Design for Ecosystems focuses on providing adequate areas supporting vegetation.

 

Studio Work

The course is conducted as a design studio. It will consist of lectures, how-to tutoring and consultations done at the university by the lecturers and assistants. Most part of the work to finalize the project proposals will be conducted by teams as home work.

Teams

The project proposals will be developed by students in teams. Each team will focus on one design goal to develop the sustainable design proposal. Team 1 will focus on the design goal Design for Well-being, team 2 on Design for Accessibility, team 3 on Design for Clean Energy, team 4 on Design for Climate and team 5 on Design for Ecosystems. Thus, the student teams will be 5. We expect that each team is composed by 3 to 5 students. It is advisable that each team member participate in the development of the project idea and in the selection of the design proposal, then everyone specializes in one or more aspects, e.g., three-dimensional modeling in Rhino, a specific simulation, results analysis, architectural drafting in Rhino or in the BIM environment, so to work more efficiently. At the same time, all the students of each tam must have knowledge of all the design aspects taken into account for the sustainable design proposal. It is also advisable that, if some students have already skills in using the three-dimensional modeling and parametric software Rhinoceros and Grasshopper, they are not all part of the same team, instead they distribute among the teams.

Building functions

The project will consist of one building or a compact buildings cluster. In the case of one single building, it will be an articulated building constituted by different and connected/intersecting volumes. The function of the buildings to design are residential and offices together, for a new mixed use area. The two functions will be integrated in the final architectural design of all teams. Team 1, 2 and 5 will not need to select the functions of the buildings before the simulations and calculations. Teams 3 and 4 will select the functions of the building volumes before the simulations and calculations. This will be explained more in detail at the start of the course.

Design Area

The design area is located in the Veerenni quarter in Tallinn, and is bordered by Pille tn and Tiiu tn.

Google map (The Rhino 3D model is available Material section)

(Click on the image to enlarge)

Since the task is to design a compact though articulated building or building cluster, the building(s) should use not more than 1/2 of the project outdoor area. This will be assessed using the Building Plot Ratio (BPR) metric (max BPR 0.5). The BPR is defined as the total buildings footprint area (m2) including the spaces between the buildings to the whole plot area (m2).  A second requirement is that at least 30% of the plot should be a continuous and homogenous park area. Additionally, to obtain an high density development, it is requested that the project has a minimum Floor to Area Ratio (FAR) of 1.5. FAR is defined as the area of all the floor of all the buildings (m2) to the whole plot area (to be confirmed). There is no exact requirement for buildings height. The location of the building or buildings inside the plot is part of the design by the teams. The remaining area will be planned by the team as open public and green area.

It is possible to download a Rhinoceros file realized with three-dimensional volumes of the buildings surrounding the area, the main streets, and the plot where to locate the project. The unit of the models is the meter. The existing three-dimensional buildings are divided in two groups. A first group located in a layer called “Surrounding buildings” are the closest to the design plot, to use for the simulations. A second group located in a layer called “Urban area” are buildings to be use for visualization in three-dimensional diagrams and architectural visualizations. 

Software

The software used for design and simulation will be installed on the student personal computers. If some students do not have a personal computer the work will be conducted using those of the other team members. If necessary, the students can use these programs in the computer lab U03-405 and U03-423 where they will be installed. For some of the software, every student can use the TalTech licenses. Other software is free. 

 The software used is the following.

- Rhinoceros/Grasshopper (design goals: all). This software is used for three-dimensional modeling and parametric design. Website https://www.rhino3d.com/. All the students will download and install the software on their laptops from the Rhinoceros wabepage link https://www.rhino3d.com/download/archive/rhino/7/latest/. Although there is a new version of the software (Rhino 8) TalTech owns a Rhino 7 license. Every student will register an account on the Rhinoceros website (page “my account”), and will send an email to francesco.deluca@taltech.ee as described in the Organization section for the activation of the license. Students are recommended to use their TalTech email for the registration. Consequently, the student access to the TalTech Rhino license will be activated. Before starting to use Rhinoceros the first time, the student will access their account on the Rhinoceros website. Several tutorials are available at the page “learn”.

- Ladybug Tools (design goal: 1, 2). This is an environmental and climatic analysis software as a plug-in for Grasshopper. Website https://www.ladybug.tools/ladybug.html. It will be used in the course for daylight and visibility analysis (goal 1) and for outdoor thermal comfort analysis (goal 2). The software is freely distributed by the developer. It can be downloaded from the website food4Rhino https://www.food4rhino.com/en/app/ladybug-tools login in with the registered Rhino account. Download the version 1.9 (latest). Installation instructions are available here https://github.com/ladybug-tools/lbt-grasshopper/wiki. Follow the instructions in the section Windows Installation Steps 1, 2 and 3, and Optional Steps 1. Since these installations can be complicated, they will be discussed during one lesson.

- ClimateStudio (design goal: 3). This is a daylight and energy simulations software as a plug-in for Rhinoceros and Grasshopper. Website https://www.solemma.com/. It will be used in the course for estimation of building-integrated photovoltaic electric energy yield (goal 3). All the students will download and install the ClimateStudio version 2.2 from the software website (download>installer). The TalTech code for the activation is EDU_TalTech2:KYLLOJCGM56P:112. Instructions about the code:

  • The license must be checked out from within the school's public IP range or VPN if working from off-campus.
  • A 36-hour checkout period is given to users before requiring a new license check within the IP range.
  • The students will receive by email the code to use the software. Instructions about how to activate the software with the code will be given during the course.  

    - LCA calculator  (design goal: 4) and BVGI calculator (design goal: 5). These are software developed by the tutors of the course as a parametric design plug-in for Grasshopper. They will be provided before the performative design lesson related to design goal 4 and 5.

    Although not all the plug-ins for environmental and digital design are necessary for the work of all the design goals, all the students and teams are encouraged to install all of them and make exercises about all the environmental design tools even if they are not strictly necessary for their work. In this way the students will learn different methods of digital design for sustainability.

    Specific parametric design tools developed by the course tutors will be used during the course. These will be provided during the course together with other study material and information. The software used for architectural design of plans, sections and elevations, for rendering, image editing and presentation panels layout can be any decided by the students. Presentation techniques and panel design will be topics covered in a specific lesson. 


    Design  Metrics

    In this section the quantitative thresholds of the metrics used to assess the sustainable design goals are presented.

    Definition of outdoor area. The projects will be constituted mainly by two parts. The built area and the park area. The latter minimum 30% of all the design area. The built area will be constituted by buildings, pedestrian areas (squares, sidewalks, paths, playgrounds, and small green areas with or without trees).

    Design for well-being

    The metrics used to assess well-being are of two types: natural illumination and view out. 

    The building natural illumination potential metrics are two: the Exposure to Sunlight of the European standard EN 17037:2018 Daylight in Buildings that requires that a room window receives at least 1.5 hours of direct sun light on 21 of March (ground floor can be excluded), and the BRE Vertical Sky Component (VSC) that recommends that a room regular window present a VSC of at least 27% (if larger windows are used then the minimum VSC can be 15%). Both thresholds (exposure to sunlight and VSC) are to be considered a minimum for all the building facades (ground floor can be excluded). At least one of the two metric must be fulfilled.

    For view out the visibility analysis is used. This is not a proper metric, thus it doesn't present a threshold. The visibility analysis assesses what percentage of an area (e.g., park, river, playground) or of a group of points of interest is visible from the building facades. Thus design solutions will be compared using the average visibility score (the higher the better). 

    EN 17037:2018 Daylight in Buildings >>>>>

    Building Research Establishment, Site layout planning for daylight and sunlight: a guide to good practice BR 209, BRE, 2022 >>>>>

    VSC calculation >>>>>

    Anstey Horne, Understanding BRE 209 (2022): The Latest Daylight and Sunlight Guidance >>>>>

    Design for Accessibility

    The metrics used for the outdoor thermal comfort analysis are the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and the Outdoor Thermal Comfort Autonomy (OTCA).

    UTCI https://www.utci.org/

    OTCA >>>>>

    UTCI defines a no thermal stress level between 9 and 26 °C UTCI. OTCA defines an area in thermal comfort conditions if the at least 50% of the area is in thermal comfort according to the metric used (UTCI) for at least 50% of the time. 

    The requirement for this design goal is to design the outdoor area of the project in thermal comfort conditions according to the OTCA metric. The analysis period will be communicated during the second lesson of this design goal.

    Design for Clean Energy

    The metric for this design goal is the electric energy generated by roof and facade mounted photovoltaics. The goal is that to design a neighborhood that produces as much energy as it consumes, in consideration of all the buildings considered as a whole according to the Positive Energy Districts logic. The methodology to obtain the energy consumed by the project buildings will be presented during the second lesson of this design goal.

    Design for Climate

    TBD

    Design for Ecosystems

    The metrics used for this design goal are the Green Plot Ratio (GPR) and the Building Visible Green Index (BVGI). 

    Green Plot Ratio (GPR) >>>>>

    Building Visible Green Index >>>>>

    The environmental design goal of the project will be to fulfill both requirements. The first is that the plot GPR is minimum as the Floor to Area Ratio as explained during the lesson. The second is that the average BVGI of the project building facades is minimum 25. How to perform the BVGI analysis will be presented during the second lesson of this design goal.


    Design Workflow

    The development of the project is conducted through different phases which constitute the design workflow. The method used in the course is the evidence-based method. Once the architectural concept is finalized, it is used to develop several design alternatives, either as different solutions (generating from the same concept) or as modification of an original solutions. The design alternatives are created either in Rhinoceros modeling the variations, or in Grasshopper changing the parameters (e.g., buildings distance, building orientation and height) of the developed parametric model. The use of a parametric model is more efficient and valuable in this particular course. Thus, the solution which shows higher level of sustainability, i.e., is more performative, and at the same time embeds well the initial architectural idea is selected for the final architectural design proposal by each team.

    The design workflow is composed of different phases.

    - Conceptual design. The initial idea is developed. Its architectural quality, connection with the site and local functions, and relation with environmental factors are verified. The project concept is developed through sketches and diagrams. Conceptual design is developed before to start the project for all the design goals.

    - Building massing. This relates with the study of the building volumes or buildings in terms of size, height, distances and orientations, the functions it will accommodate, and most importantly on the basis of the environmental analyses. The building massing is developed through three-dimensional modeling in Rhinoceros or parametric modeling in Grasshopper. Building massing is developed at the beginning of the project for all the design goals.

    - Simulations. During this phase the different environmental and climatic performance simulations in relation to the specific design goal and assessment methods are conducted for the design solutions tested by the teams. Simulations are performed during the project for all the design goals.

    - Performance analysis. In this phase the results of the different environmental and climatic performance simulations of the building or urban environment design solutions are analyzed in relation to metrics to select one which fulfill required levels. Performance analysis is performed during the project for all the design goals.

    - Architectural design. During this phase the selected building solution is used to develop the architectural project consisting in situation plan of the entire area, typical floor plans, sections and facades, and 3D perspectives and views axonometric. Architectural design is performed after the performance analysis and solution selection for all the design goals.

     

    Deliverables

    The final review (exam), which will take place in January, will be done by each team presenting the project using 4 panels (placard) of standard size A1 (594 mm width x 841 mm height). If necessary, it can be agreed with the lecturers to add 1 more panel. The content of each panel is the following.

    Panel 1. Diagrams and sketches for presentation of the project concept. Three-dimensional diagrams or flowchart for presentation of the conceptual buildings layout and massing variations. Volumetric of the more significant building variations used in performance studies.

    Panel 2. Performance results presentation of selected building variations. The performance of the different variations will be presented through color coded three-dimensional diagrams of the areas and building massing and relative legends with metric units, and with comparative charts. Presentation of the building variation selected for architectural design.

    Panel 3. Architectural design of situation plan, the buildings ground floor and their integration. The situation plan will show the design of the entire area and connections with surrounding urban areas and structures. Architectural design of typical floor plan of all the buildings of the project, including stairs and elevators, halls and corridors, premises, rooms, windows and furnishing.

    Panel 4. Architectural design of sections and elevations. Three-dimensional representations as renderings, and axonometric views.

    It is required to each group that the 4 drawing panels of the project are sent by email to the course lecturers before the final review day in pdf format. The maximum file size for each A1 project board in pdf format is 10Mb. Together with the A1 boards is requested to deliver an A4 file in pdf format of all the project panels with a maximum file size of 2Mb.

     

    Grades

    Team grades will be assigned in an objective way according to the method described hereinafter. However, a certain degree of subjective evaluation cannot be excluded. The course grades will go from 0 to 5 and will be the sum of partial grades given for the following sections.

    Project concept – from 0 to 1. This section evaluates the quality of the project concept, of the building layout and massing, of the relation of the project idea with the surrounding urban environment or to specific urban design principles, and with the sustainable design goal. Relative to the material presented on panel 1.

    Performance simulations and results analysis – from 0 to 1. This section evaluates the correctness of simulations or calculations also through parametric tools, to which extent the selected design variation meets the performance required by the metric used for the design goal, and the performance analysis and comparison of different design variations. Relative to the material presented on panel 2.

    Architectural design – from 0 to 1. This section evaluates the proper translation of the project concept in architectural design. Importance will be given to the attractiveness of the open spaces, the functionality of the typical floor plan layout, and the congruence of the façade design with the building massing and surrounding urban environment. Relative to the material presented on panel 3 and 4.

    Presentation – from 0 to 1. This section evaluates the quality and completeness of the presentation, through diagrams, drawings, charts and images of all the project panels. It evaluates as well the sufficient level of sustainable design and performance analysis knowledge acquired (relative to the design goal) and the clarity of the oral presentation.

    Participation - from 0 to 1. For the final grade, the quality of midterm presentations and active participation in the course will also be taken into account. All the students of the same team will receive the same grade. Exceptions can be made for students of the same group with different level of participation in the course and in the project.  

     

    Schedule

    The course will take place at TalTech Mustamäe campus Architecture building room ICT-701 and in Teams every Monday from 11:30 to 15:00 (12:45-13:15 break), from 01.09 to 15.12 2025. The course has a Teams team is created for the course to which the students will register accepting the invitation of the lecturers. A Teams team meeting will start at the beginning of the lesson and the recording will be available after the lesson. To access the recording in Teams select the General channel then access Files and then open the folder Recordings. Alternatively lessons recordings can be accessed in SharePoint from this link.

    The following chart presents the main activities during the course and their sequence by week.

    (Click on the image to enlarge)


    Week 01 - September 01

    Course introduction, scope and expected outcome - Presentation of previous years’ select projects.

    Lecture - Environmental Performative Architecture and Planning.

    Rhinoceros account.


    Week 02 - September 08

    Design area presentation – Teams creation.

    Digital design – introduction to Rhinoceros (Rhino) and Grasshopper (GH).


    Week 03 - September 15

    Digital design - Methods for realizing and editing building massing in Rhino-GH.

    Lecture - Design for Well-being. Metrics used in the course. 

    Performative design for Well-being 1 – Introduction to Ladybug Tools for Grasshopper, sunlight hour analysis according to the EN 17037 Daylight in Buildings standard. Visibility analysis (no metric required).


    Week 04 - September 22

    Digital design – Methods for realizing and editing building massing in Rhino-GH, import/export between Rhino-GH and BIM software.  

    Lecture - Design for Accessibility. Metrics used in the course

    Performative design for Accessibility 1 – Introduction to Ladybug Tools for GH, microclimate analysis and outdoor thermal comfort analysis with the Universal Thermal Climate Index metric using Ladybug Tools for GH.


    Week 05 - September 29

    Digital design - Methods for realizing and editing building massing, floors and windows in Rhino-GH.

    Lecture - Design for Clean Energy. Metrics used in the course. 

    Performative design for Clean Energy 1 - Introduction to ClimateStudio for Rhino-GH, solar irradiation analysis, energy generation calculation.


    Week 06 - October 06

    Digital design - Methods for realizing and editing building massing, floors and windows in Rhino-GH.  

    Lecture - Design for climate. Metrics used in the course. 

    Performative design for Climate 1 – Estimation of embodied carbon emissions in GH.


    Week 07 - October 13

    Digital design -  Methods for realizing and editing building massing in Rhino-GH.

    Lecture - Design for Ecosystems. Metrics used in the course.

    Performative design for Ecosystems 1 – Parametric analysis of ratio of plot area covered with vegetation in GH.

    Teams selection of design goals.


    Week 08 - October 20 

    Performative design for Well-being 2 – Daylight simulation on the building envelope using the Vertical Sky Component method with the plug-in Honeybee (part of Ladybug Tools). Analysis of simulation results in Rhino.

    Initial review of design concepts and ideas (architectural and performative).


    Week 09 - October 27

    Performative design for Accessibility 2 - Outdoor thermal comfort analysis with the Outdoor Thermal Comfort Autonomy metric using Ladybug Tools for GH.

    Consultations - Architectural, digital and performative design.


    Week 10 - November 03

    Performative design for Clean Energy 2 - BIPV energy generation simulation and load match factor analysis using ClimateStudio for GH. Analysis of simulation results in GH. 

    Consultations - Architectural, digital and performative design.


    Week 11 - November 10

    Performative design for Climate 2 - Estimation of embodied carbon emission using the custom calculator for GH. Analysis of simulation results in GH.

    Consultations - Architectural, digital and performative design. 


    Week 12 - November 17

    Performative design for Ecosystems 2 - Analysis of view of green areas from building facades ratio using the BVGI tool for GH. Analysis of simulation results in GH. 

    Consultations - Architectural, digital and performative design. 


    Week 13 - November 24

    Mid term review of project idea, design variations and initial performance analysis.


    Week 14 - December 01

    Performative design – Analysis and presentation of simulation results for selection of design proposal.

    Consultations - Architectural, digital and performative design, and presentation. 


    Week 15 – December 08

    Lecture - Architectural design presentation.

    Consultations - Architectural, digital and performative design, and presentation. 


    Week 16 – December 15

    End of term review of completed project (draft) with the 4 panels.

     

    Organization

    The course has a Teams team accessible from this link.

    For the activation of the Rhinoceros license and for participation in the Teams team the students will send an email to Francesco De Luca at francesco.deluca@taltech.ee writing in the email subject line “EAL0140 2025-26 Rhino+Teams” and in the email text body: name, family name and the email address used also for registering to the Rhinoceros website (better to use the same email and possibly the TalTech email).

    Information about the course and lessons are also available in the Moodle page of the course accessible from this link. However, the main online environments for the organization of the course is this webpage where all the course material is provided and the Teams team where the recordings of the lessons are accessible (redirecting to SharePoint).

    On this webpage different types of resources and all the material, like files used during the lessons will be available. It is recommended that the students participate to the lessons in person. For any information students can contact Francesco De Luca at francesco.deluca@taltech.ee and Ioannis Lykouras at ioannis.lykouras@taltech.ee. The email of the course assistants are Payam Madelat payam.madelat@taltech.ee and Jelena Kazak jelena.kazak@taltech.ee. 


    Resources

    Through this section material useful for the course is available. They are a book list, links to learning resources of the three-dimensional and parametric design and simulation software, websites useful for the course and files to be used in the course. Materials will be added continuously during the course to this section.

    Books

    The following books are available at TalTech library. The books are useful for the course and in further studies to acquire knowledge about basic and advanced principles of sustainable, climatic and environmental design, building technology and environmental performance simulations. The suggested readings for the course are the following:

    - M. DeKay and G.Z. Brown, Sun, Wind, and Light: Architectural Design Strategies: Architectural Design Strategies, John Wiley & Sons, 2014. (Available at TalTech library)

    - N. Lechner, Heating, Cooling, Lighting: Sustainable Design Methods for Architects, John Wiley & Sons, 2014. (Available at TalTech library)

    - W.T. Grondzik and A.G. Kwok, Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings. Wiley, 2019. (Available at TalTech library)

    - K. Anderson, Design Energy Simulation for Architects: Guide to 3D Graphics, Routledge, 2014. (Available at TalTech library)

    - T.R. Oke, G. Mills, A. Christen and J.A. Voogt, Urban Climates. Cambridge University Press, 2017. (Available at TalTech library)

    - V. Olgyay, Design with Climate. Bioclimatic Approach to Architectural Regionalism, Princeton University Press, Princeton, USA, 1963. (And new and expanded edition, 2015)

    - E. Erell, D. Pearlmutter and T. Williamson, Urban Microclimate. Designing the Spaces Between Buildings. Earthscan, 2011.

    - C. Reinhart, Daylighting Handbook I. Building Technology Press, 2014.

    - C. Reinhart, Daylighting Handbook II. Building Technology Press, 2018.

    - C. Reinhart, Climate Driven Design I. Building Technology Press, 2025.

    Several other books are available at TalTech library about the topics of the course.


    Links

    - Rhinoceros/Grasshopper tutorials https://www.rhino3d.com/learn

    - Grasshopper manual http://grasshopperprimer.com/en/index.html

    - Ladybug Tools youtube tutorials https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtSMbRCHXHVFsETgWO0Jy08GRcHwhL0RA

    - Ladybug Tools learning material https://docs.ladybug.tools/ladybug-tools-academy/

    - ClimateStudio documentation https://climatestudiodocs.com/

    - ClimateStudio tutorials https://www.solemma.com/climatestudio-tutorial-videos

    - ClimateStudio youtube tutorials https://www.youtube.com/user/SustainableDesignLab/videos

    - Rigi Teataja Methodology for calculating the energy performance of buildings

    - Rigi Teataja Hoone energiatõhususe arvutamise metoodika

    - World weather data files https://climate.onebuilding.org/


    Material

    Rhino 3D model of the design area and surrounding quarters. The 3D urban area has been realized with building geometry data from Ehitisregister, building 3D objects from the Tallinn 3D model available at the Ruumiandmed webpage of Tallinn municipality, and using the OpenStreetMap service. 

    Download the urban 3D model from here >>>>>



    Lesson files, info and data

    Week 01

    Lecture presentation >>>>>


    Week 02

    Rhino file >>>>>

    Grasshopper file >>>>>


    Week 03

    Lecture presentation >>>>>

    Performative design files exposure to Sunlight and Visibility Analysis >>>>>


    Week 04

    Lecture presentation >>>>>

    Tallinn weather file >>>>>

    Performative design files Outdoor Thermal Comfort Person  >>>>>

    Meshedit2000 Grasshopper plug-in >>>>>

    Procedure to install the GH plugin: 1 - Close Rhinoceros and Grasshopper. 2 - Download the .zip file. 3 - Unblock the .zip archive by right-clicking the .zip file and checking the Unblock box, and click Apply and OK (as shown in the image below - the archive could be already unblocked)

    (Click on the image to enlarge)

    4 - Copy the .gha file in the folder C:\Users\NAME\AppData\Roaming\Grasshopper\Libraries where NAME is your username used on your laptop or on the class computer. If you cannot access the folder on the class computer then you need to make the installation with Rhinoceros and Grasshopper switched on. In this case from the Grasshopper dropdown menu select File then Special Folders and then Components Folder as show in the image below. Then switch off Grasshopper and Rhinoceros.
    (Click on the image to enlarge)

    5 - Start Rhinoceros and Grasshopper. 


    Week 05

    Lecture presentation >>>>>

    Performative design files Solar Irradiation >>>>>

    BPR-FAR calculator >>>>>

    ClimateStudio activation instructions. ClimateStudio software is available in both environments, in Rhino and in GH.it can be activated in both environments. The following instructions show how to activate in Rhino. To activate the software through the code one must be at university and connected to internet through the TalTech wifi.

    1 - After installation you should see a new toolbar in Rhino.

    2 - Alternatively, the right-hand side tab can be used activating it from the gear button.

    3 - Selecting CS Workflows.

    (Click on the image to enlarge)
    4 - Make an horizontal surface.

    5 - Select the Radiation Map simulation (there is the same button in the CS toolbar).

    6 - A Open the analysis surface tab, and B select the surface.

    (Click on the image to enlarge)

    7 - Click OK

    8 - Run the simulation. 

    Now the license window pop-up. Copy/paste the ClimateStudio TalTech code that you find in the Software section.

    9 - After few seconds you should see the analysis surface colored according to the simulation results.

    (Click on the image to enlarge)


    Week 06

    Performative design files LCA >>>>>

    Explanations for the installation of the Human plug-in for Grasshopper




    Week 07

    Lecture presentation >>>>>

    Performative design files Green Plot Ratio (GPR) >>>>>


    Week 08

    Performative design files Visibility Analysis and Vertical Sky Component

    Facade extractor